12. PARSING. General Formula.-The part of speech, and why; the kind, and why; the properties, and why; the relation to other words, and according to what Rule. Articles. Formula.-An article, and why; and according to what Rule. definite, and why; to what it belongs, "The river." "The" is an article, a word placed before a noun to show how it is applied; definite, it shows that some particular river is meant; and it belongs to "river," according to Rule X: "An article belongs to the noun to which it relates.* ABRIDGED.-The is the definite article; and it belongs to river, etc. "River" is a noun, it is a name; common, it is a name that can be applied to every object of the same kind; neuter gender, it denotes neither a male nor a female; third person, it represents an object as spoken of; singular number, it means but one. ANALYSIS. The river is a phrase. The principal word is river, modified by the article The. (All the following exercises may be first analyzed, and then parsed, if the teacher deems it best to do so.) In like manner parse the following phrases : "4" is an article, a word placed before a noun to show how it is applied; indefinite, it shows that no particular man is meant; and it belongs to "man's," according to Rule X. (Repeat it.) ABRIDGED.-A is the indefinite article; and it belongs to man's, etc. "Man's" is a noun, it is a name; common, it is a name common to all objects of the same kind; masculine gender, it denotes a male; third person, it represents an object as spoken of; singular number, it means but one; and in the possessive case, it limits the meaning of "hat," according to Rule III. (Repeat it.) "Hat" is parsed like "river." ABRIDGED.-Man's is a common noun, of the masculine gender, third person, singular number; and in the possessive case, governed by hat, according to, etc. ANALYSIS. A man's hat is a phrase. The principal word is hat, modified by man's, showing what hat; and man's is modified by A, showing that no particular man is meant. In like manner parse the following phrases :— A neighbor's farm. The boy's book. Adjectives. Formula.-An adjective, and why; descriptive, and why; whether com definitive, pared or not, and how; the degree, and why; to what it belongs, and according to what Rule. *It is not necessary, in parsing, to repeat more of a Rule than the example requires. "A beautiful morning, with a refreshing breeze." "Beautiful" is an adjective,-a word used to qualify or limit the meaning of a noun; descriptive, describes or qualifies the morning; compared pos. beautiful, comp. more beautiful, superl. most beautiful; in the positive degree, it expresses the quality simply; and it belongs to "morning," according to Rule X. (Repeat it.) ABRIDGED.-Beautiful is a descriptive adjective, in the positive degree (pos. beautiful, comp. more beautiful, superi. most beautiful); and it belongs to morning. "Refreshing" is an adjective,—a word, etc. * * participial, it ascribes the act to its subject as a quality; and it belongs to “breeze," according to Rule X. ABRIDGED.-Refreshing is a participial adjective, from the verb refresh; and it belongs to breeze, according to Rule X. (Repeat it.) * ANALYSIS.-A beautiful morning, with a refreshing breeze, is a phrase. (Give definition.) The principal word is morning, which is modified by the article A, the adjective beautiful, and the adjunct with a refreshing breeze. Breeze is modified by the article a, the adjective refreshing, and joined to morning by the preposition with. Descriptive Adjectives. A whiter rose. Aa ripe melon. The worst condition. "All men." The black-winged redbird. "Five dollars." Formula.-An adjective, and why; the kind, and why; to what it belongs, and according to what Rule. "All" is an adjective,―a word used to qualify or limit the meaning of a noun; definitive, it limits or mo lifies the meaning of "men;" and it belongs to according to Rule X. (Repeat it.) men,' ABRIDGED.-All is a definitive adjective; and belongs to men, according to, etc. "Five" is an adjective,-a word, etc. * * * numeral, and of the cardinal kind, because it expresses number and shows how many; and it belongs to "dollars," according to Rule X. (Repeat it.) ABRIDGED.-Five is a numeral adjective, of the cardinal kind; and belongs to dollars, according to Rule X. Twelve Spartan virgins, noble, young, and fair, With violet wreaths adornedo their flowing hair.-Dryden. (a.) "A" shows that no particular "ripe melon" is meant. (b.) Say, in stead of comparison, "It can not be compared with propriety." (0.) To be omitted in parsing. Nouns. common, Formula.-A noun, and why; proper, and why; collective, and why; gender, and why person, and why; number, and why; (declension ;) case, and Rulc. "Snow is falling." "Snow" is a noun, it is a name; common, it is the common name of a sub stance; neuter gender, it denotes neither male nor female; third person, it represents an object as spoken of; singular number, it means but one; and in the nominative case-it is the subject of the verb is falling-according to Rule I. (Repeat it.) ABRIDGED*.-Snow is a common noun, of the neuter gender, third person, singular number; and in the nominative case to is falling, according to Rule I. ANALYSIS.-Snow is falling, is a simple declarative sentence. Snow is the subject, and is falling is the predicate. Parse the articles, the adjectives, and the nouns :— David slew Goliatha. Cattle eat grass. In golden ringletsb. Jonese the saddler'sf wife. The Duke of Wellington's forces. James the coachman' is sick. Alicek, bring your books, slate, and paper. My motherm being sick, I remained at home. Thou shalt not steals, is the eighth commandment. (a.) "Goliath" is a noun, it is a name; proper, it is the name of a particular person, to distinguish him from other persons, etc. *** and in the objective case-it is the object of the verb "slew"-according to Rule IV. (b.) "Ringlets" is a noun, etc. *** and in the objective case-it is the object of the preposition In-according to Rule V. (c.) "Edward Everett's" is a proper noun. (d.)-and in the possessive case-it limits the meaning of store, understood-according to Rule III. (e.)—and in the possessive case-it limits the meaning of "wife," by showing whose wife she is according to Rule III. (f.)-and in the possessive case, to agree with "Jones," according to Rule VII. (g)-and in the objective case -it is the object of the preposition "of"-according to Rule V. (h.)-and in the objective case-it is the object of the preposition to, understood-according to Rule V. (2)—and in the nominative case, to agree with "James," according to Rule VII. (k.)-and in the nominative case independent, by direct address, according to Rule II. (l.) Rule II. (m.)-and in the nominative case absolute, according to Rule II. (n) and in the objective case, limiting "deep," according to Rule VI. (r.) "To advance" is an infinitive, used here as a noun of the n. g., 3d p., s. n.; and in the nominative case to "was," according to Rule I. (s.) Thou shalt not steal, is a clause, used here as a noun of the neuter gender, 3d p., s. n. ; and in the nominative case to is, according to Rule I. Now parse each word. Pronouns. Formula.-A pronoun,-definition; relative, and why; gender, and why; person, and why; number, and why; (declension ;) case, and Rule. "I myself saw John and his brother." "I" is a pronoun,—a word that supplies the place of a noun; personal, it is one of the pronouns that serve to distinguish the three grammatical persons; of the common gender, it may denote either a male or a female; first person, it denotes the speaker; singular number, it means but one; and in the nominative case-it is tho subject of the verb "saw"-according to Rule I. Nom., I; poss., my or mine, etc. ABRIDGED.-I is a personal pronoun, of the common gender, first person, singular number; and in the nominative case to the verb saw, according to Rule I. Myself" is a pronoun,-a word that supplies the place of a noun; compound, it is compounded of my and self; personal, etc. *** and in the nominative case, tó agree with "I," according to Rule VII. 66 ABRIDGED.-Myself is a compound personal pronoun, of the common gender, etc. "His" is a pronoun,—a word used in stead of a nouu; personal, it is one of * Parsing is usually abridged, by simply omitting the reasons. the pronouns that serve to distinguish the three grammatical persons; of the masculine gender, third person, and singular number, to agree with "John," according to Rule IX; (repeat it;) nomi. he, poss. his; and in the possessive case—it limits the meaning of brother"-according to Rule 111. (Repeat it.) ABRIDGED.-His is a personal pronoun, of the masculine gender, 3d pers., s. n., to agree with John, according to Rule IX; (repeat it ;) and in the possessive case, governed by brother, according to Rule III. ANALYSIS.-This is a simple declarative sentence. The entire subject is I myself; I is the subject-nominative, which is modified by the emphatic appositive myself. Saw John and his brother, is the entire predicate; saw is the predicate-verb, which is modified by the objects John and brother, which are connected by and, and the latter of which is modified by his. (For Analysis, henceforth, see pp. 64-7.) Parse the articles, the adjectives, the nouns, and the pronouns :- We caught him.* Albert dressed himself9 & 4. Thou' majestic Ocean'. Art thou' the man'? Martha and Mary have recited "their" lessons. A dutiful son is the delight' of his parents. John, 'you' are wanted. * In these and all future parsing lessons, a number placed over a word, indicates the Rule to be applied to it; and a caret (A) shows where words are to be supplied. "Read thy doom in the flowers, which fade and die.” "Which" is a pronoun,―a word that supplies the place of a noun; relative, its clause relates to and describes a preceding word, and is dependent; of the neuter gender, third person, and plural number, to agree with "flowers," according to Rule IX; (repeat it ;) and in the nominative case-it is the subject of the verbs "fade" and "die"-according to Rule I. ABRIDGED.-Which is a relative pronoun, of the neuter gender, third person, and singular number, to agree with flowers, according to Rule IX; and in the nominative case to the verbs fade and die, according to Rule I. "James reads what pleases him." "What" is a pronoun,-a word that supplies the place of a noun; relative, it makes its clause dependent on another; of the neuter gender, it denotes neither a male nor a female; third person, it represents an object as spoken of; singular num ber, it means but one; and it is here used as the object of "reads" and the subject of "pleases," because it takes the place of that which or thing which,—according to Rule VIII. (Repeat it.) ABRIDGED.- What is a relative pronoun, of the neuter gender, third person, singular number; and it is here used as the object of reads, etc. "Nature deigns to bless whatever man will use her gifts aright.” "Whatever" is an adjective, a word that qualifies or limits the meaning of a substantive; definitive, it limits or modifies the meaning of "man ;" and it belongs to "man," according to Rule X. • and "Man" is a noun, it is a name; common, it is a generic name, etc. it is used here as the object of "to bless" and the subject of "will use,"-because the phrase whatever man takes the place of any or every man that, according to Rule VIII. ABRIDGED.-Man is a common noun, of the m. g., 3d p., s. n. ; and it is here used as the object, etc. I do not know what he is doing." "What he is doing," is a clause used in the sense of a noun, of the neuter gender, third person, singular number; and in the objective case-it is the object of "do know"-according to Rule IV. "What" is a pronoun,—a word that supplies the place of a noun; relative, it makes its clause dépendent on another; responsive, it is used as if in answer to a question; of the neuter gender, it denotes neither a male nor a female; third person, it represents an object as spoken of; singular number, it means but one; and in the objective case-it is the object of the verb " is doing"-according to Rule IV. ABRIDGED.-What is a responsive relative pronoun, of the n. g., 3d p., s. n.; and in the objective case, governed by is doing, according to Rule IV. Relative Pronouns. I saw your brother, who" &1 was well. She 'who' studies her glass, neglects her heart. He was such a talker 'as'a could delight us all. It was I that'b went. Take whatever you like. (a.)" was such a talker as"-was a talker that, or who—. (b.) That who; hence a relative pronoun. (c.) That is," his property, who created me;" or, "the property of him who," etc. "Whom "Whom did you see?" " is a pronoun,-a word that takes the place of a noun; interrogative, it is used to ask a question; of the common gender, it may denote either a male or a female; third person, it represents an object as spoken of; singular number, it means but one; and in the objective case-it is the object of the verb "did see"according to Rule IV. ABRIDGED.- Whom is an interrogative pronoun, of the common gender, third person, singular number; and in the objective case, governed by did see, etc. "The Gaul offered his own head to whoever should bring him that of Nero." "The old bird feeds her young ones." "These horses I received for the others." "Whoever" is a pronoun,—a word that supplies the place of a noun; compound, it is compounded of who and ever; relative, it makes its clause dependent on another; of the common gender, third person, singular number, to agree with “person," or " any person,"-understood before it, according to Rule IX; and in the nominative case-it is the subject of the verb "should give”—according to Rule I. ABRIDGED.- Whoever is a compound relative pron., of the c. g., 3d p., s. n., etc. "That" is a pronoun, a word that supplies the place of a noun; it is here used in place of the head," and is therefore of the neuter gender, third person, singular number; and in the objective case-being the object of the verb "should bring"-according to Rule IV. (“Ones" and "others" are parsed in a similar way.) ABRIDGED. That is a demonstrative pronoun, used here in place of the phrase the head, and is therefore of the n. g., 3d p., s. n.; and in the objective case, governed by should bring, etc. Your horse trots well, but minec paces. Others may be wiser, but none' are more amiable, than she is. Whoever gives to the poor, lends to the Lord. From their love of each otherd. I hope what I say will have an effect upon him, and prevent the impression which what he says may have upon others. (a)"Who was Blennerhasset?"-Blennerhasset was who? (b.) To apply Rule VII to "who," would give a different meaning to the sentence. (c.) Say, "Mine" is here used for my horse." My is a pronoun, etc. (Parse the two words as usual.) (d.) Each other" is a pronoun, a word that supplies the place of a noun; compound, it consists of two words; of the com. gen., etc. (e.) "Hope" has the entire member after it as its object. (Hope what?) |