Formula.-A verb,

transitive, with voice, intransitive or neuter,

Verbs.

Finite Verbs.

regular,

and why; principal parts; irregular,

and why;

and why; the mood, and why; the tense, and why,—

with form (emphatic or progressive), and why; (conjugation;) the person and number, to agree with its subject according to Rule XI.

"My father is ploughing the field which was bought last year."

“Is ploughing" is a verb,—a word used to affirm something of a subject; principal parts,-pres. plough, past ploughed, perf. part. ploughed; regular, it assumes the ending ed; transitive, it has an object (field), and in the active voice, because it represents its subject as acting; indicative mood, it affirms something as an actual occurrence or fact; present tense, it expresses the act in present time,and progressive form, it represents it as continuing; (singular number-first person, I am ploughing; 2d p., You are ploughing; 3d p., He, or my father, is ploughing;) and in the third person and singulur number, to agree with its subject father, according to Rule XI. (Repeat it.)

ABRIDGED.—Is ploughing is a regular transitive verb, from the verb plough; (principal parts,-pres. plough, past ploughed, perf. part. ploughed ;) in the indicative mood, present tense, progressive form; and in the third person and singular number, to agree with its subject father, according to Rule XI.

"Was bought" is a verb,—a word used to affirm something of a subject; principal parts,pres. buy, past bought, perf. part. bought; irregular, it does not assume the ending ed; transitive, but in the passive voice, because it affirms the act of the object acted upon; indicative mood, it asserts something as an actual occurrence or fact; past tense, it refers the act simply to past time; third person and singular number, to agree with its subject which, according to Rule XI.

ABRIDGED.-Was bought is an irr. pass. verb, from the verb buy; (principal parts,-pres. buy, past bought, perf. part. bought; in the ind. m., past t., and c. f.; and in the 3d p., s. n., to agree, etc.

Parse the articles, adjectives, nouns, pronouns, and verbs :—

Tenses.

The distant hills look blue.
The soldiers will be attacked.
Your coat will have been finished.
You must write a composition.
We should love our neighbors.
The apples might have been eaten.
The lady may have been handsome.
Had I but known it.

Do you venture a small fish, to
catch a great one.

Forms.

The tall pines are rustling.

I do protest against it.

Thou hast a heart of adamant.

Persons and Numbers.

Reckless youth makes rueful age.
How are the mighty fallen!
Time and tide wait for no man.
Monday or Tuesday was the day.
Neither labor nor money was spared.
Yonder lives a hero and patriot.
His family is large.

The multitude pursue pleasure.
Every house has a garden.
You or he is in fault.
You, he, and I, are invited.
I say, be your own friend.
To scorn meanness, is heroic.
That weak men should seek strength
in cunning, is natural.

(a.) Say," and in the third person, plural number, to agree with Time and tide, a plural subject, according to Rule XI." (b.) Say,-"and in the 3d p., s. n., to agree with Monday or Tuesday, a singular subject, according to," etc (c.) Supply men, or parse mighty as a noun.

Participles and Infinitives.

Formula.- A participle,
An infinitive,

present, perfect,

and why; with form, and why; to what it relates, and according to

what Rule.

In parsing a present participle, omit form; and in general omit of the Formulas whatever is not applicable.

"The traveler, having been robbed, was obliged to sell his horse."

"Having been robbed" is a participle,—a form of the verb, that merely assumes the act or state, and is generally construed like an adjective; compound, it consists of three simple participles; passive, it represents its subject as acted upon; perfect in sense, it expresses the act or state as past and finished at the time referred to; and it relates to "traveler," according to Rule XII. (Repeat it.)

ABRIDGED. Having been robbed is a compound, passive, perfect participle, from the verb rob, robbed, robbed; and it relates to traveler, according to Rule XII.

66

"To sell" is an infinitive,—a form of the verb that begins usually with to, and expresses no affirmation; transitive, it has an object; active voice, it represents its subject as doing something; present, it denotes the act simply; and it relates to traveler," and completes the sense of" was obliged," according to Rule XII. ABRIDGED.-To sell is a transitive, active, present infinitive, from the verb sell, sold, sold; and it relates to traveler as its subject, and limits was obliged, showing as to what, according to Rule XII.

"To betray is base."

"I insist on writing the letter."

"To betray" is an intransitive, active, present infinitive, from the verb betray, betrayed, betrayed. It is here used also as a noun of the neuter gender, third person, singular number; and in the nominative case-being the subject of the verb isaccording to Rule I.

"Writing" is a transitive, active, present participle, from the verb write, wrote, written. It is here used also as a noun of the neuter gender, third person, singular number; and in the objective case-being the object of the preposition on -according to Rule V.

"It affords us pleasure to have seen the rising sun attended by so many beautiful clouds."

"To have seen" is a transitive, active, perfect infinitive, from the verb see,

saw, seen.

It is here used also as a noun of the neuter gender, third person, singular number; and in the nominative case, to agree with "It," according to Rule VII. "Rising" " is an adjective,-a word used to qualify or limit the meaning of a substantive; participiai, it is a participle-from the verb rise, rose, risen-ascribing the act or state to its subject as a quality; and it belongs to "sun," according to Kule X.

"Attended" is a participle,-a form of the verb, that merely assumes the act or state, and is generally construed like an adjective; passive, it represents its subject as acted upon; perfect in form, but present in sense, for it represents the act or state as present and continuing at the time referred to; and it relates to sun," according to Rule XII.

66

ABRIDGED.-Attended is a passive participle, from the regular verb attend, attended, attended; it is perfect in form but present in sense, and relates to, etc.

The second Rule for participles and infinitives, which is given on page 71, can be applied to all the foregoing and all the following participles and infinitives. Parse all except the adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections :

Participles.

The Indians fled, leaving their mules tied to the bushes. Singing thou dost soar, and soaring ever singest. The war being ended, prosperity revived. Time and thinking tame the strongest grief. Of making many books, there is no end.

Infinitives.

I

And fools, who came to scoff, remained to pray. We are never too old to learn. Here was an opportunity to growa rich. ordered himb to be brought. She is wiser than to believe it. I ought to have written. To err' is human; to forgive, divine. I forgot to mention it. It is knowledge enough for some people, to know' how far they can proceed in mischief with impunity. Miscellaneous Examples.

Let Love haved eyes, and Beauty will have ears.

It had beene useless, had he donee it.

Accordingly, a company assembled" armed" and accoutred", and, having procured" a field-piece, appointed" Major Harrison commander', and proceeded" to accomplish" their design.

(a) That is," an opportunity for him or any one to grow rich." (b.) Logically, the phrase, "him to be brought," is the object of "ordered;" grammatically, him is the object. (c.) "How far they can proceed," etc., is the object of "know." See p. 51. (d.) Supply you or thou, and to. Do you let, etc. See p. 28. (e.) Subjunctive mood. See p. 17 or 201.

Adverbs.

Formula.-An adverb, and why; if it can be compared, say so, and how; of what kind; to what it belongs, and according to what Rule or Note.

"The trees are waving beautifully."

"Beautifully" is an adverb, it modifies the meaning of a verb (" are waving"); it can be compared,-pos. beautifully, comp. more beautifully, superl. most beautifully; it is an adverb of manner or quality; and it belongs to the verb “are waving," according to Rule XIII. (Repeat of the Rule as much as is applicable.) ABRIDGED.-Beautifully is an adverb of manner, can be compared, modifies the verb are waving, and belongs to it according to Rule XIII.

"Gather roses while they bloom."

"While" is an adverb,―a word used to modify the meaning of a verb, an adjective, or an adverb; it is a conjunctive adverb of time; and it belongs to both the verb "gather" and the verb " bloom," according to Rule XIII. Or say,

"While" is an adverb, -a word used to modify the meaning of a verb, an adjective, or an adverb; conjunctive, it connects its own clause to another to express the time, according to Note X1il.'

ABRIDGED. While is a conjunctive adverb of time, modifying the verbs gather and bloom, and belonging to them according to Rule XIII. Or say,- While is a conjunctive adverb of time, that joins a dependent clause to another clause adverbially, or to express the time, according to Note XIII.

"Can not you go too?"

"Not" is an adverb,- -a word used to modify the meaning of a verb, an adjective, or an adverb; it is an adverb of negation; and it modifies the verb " can go" with reference to "you," and therefore belongs to them, according to Rule XIII. ABRIDGED.-Not is a negative adverb, modifying the verb can go with reference to its subject you, and therefore belonging to them, according to Rule XIII.

Parse the articles, adjectives, nouns, pronouns, verbs, and adverbs :—

1. Adverbs Modifying Verbs.

The horse galloped gracefully.
The birds sung sweetly.
Mary sews and knits well.

Our roses must soon fade.

Lofty mountains successively appear.
Here will I stand.

2. Adverbs Modifying Adjectives.

Smack went the whip, round went the wheels.

Flowers
We

come forth early. Sadly and slowly we laid him down." carved nota a line, we raised not a stone. He lay like a warriorb taking his rest. Evenc from the tomb the voice of nature cries. These scenes, once sod delightful, no longer please him. you sow, so you shall reap. dew glitters when the sun rises.

When will you come?

Ase

The

(7.) "Not" limits the meaning of "carved" in respect to "a line." (5.) Or Rule VI. (c.) "Even" modifies the adverbial adjunct "from the tomb," or, rather, it modifies the verb" cries," with reference to the phrase "from the tomb." Adjuncts= adverbs or adjec tives; hence adverbs can modify them, and not, as some grammarians teach, the preposition only. (See p. 30.) (d.) Degree. (c.) Manner.

Rule.

Prepositions.

Formula.-A preposition,—definition; between what it shows the relation; "The water flows over the dam."

"Over" is a preposition,—a word used to govern a noun or pronoun, and show its relation to some other word it here shows the relation of "flows" to dam," according to Rule XIV. (Repeat it.)

66

ABRIDGED.-Over is a preposition, showing the relation between flows and dam, according to Rule XIV.

Parse all the words except the conjunctions:

I found a dollar in the road. In spring, the leaves come forth. We should not live beyond our means. He struggled,

like a hero, against the evils of fortune.

We

An eagle rose near' the city, and flew over it far away beyond the distant hills. went from New York to Washington City, by railroad, in eight hours. As to the policy of the measure, I shall say nothing. The river is washing the soil from under the tree. I caught a turtle in stead of a fish.

Conjunctions.

Formula.-A conjunction, and why; its peculiar nature; what it connects;

Rule.

"The meadow produces grass and flowers."

"And" is a conjunction,-a word used to connect other words, and show the sense in which they are connected; it implies simply continuance, or that something more is added; and it connects the words grass and flowers, according to Rule XV.

ABRIDGED.-And is a copulative conjunction, connecting grass and flowers, according to Rule XV.

"You must either buy mine or sell yours."

"Either" is a conjunction, a word, etc. *** it corresponds to "or," and assists it in connecting two phrases according to Rule XV.

"Or" is a conjunction, etc. *** it is alternative, or allows but one of the things offered, to the exclusion of the rest; it here corresponds to " either," and connects two phrases according to Rule XV.

Parse all the words:
:-

Words Connected.

Learning refines and elevates the mind. Cultivate your heart and mind. She is amiable, intelligent, and handsome. The silk was light-blue, or sky-colored: it should have been white or black.

Phrases Connected.

Through floods and through forests he bounded away.
Death saw the floweret to the desert given,

Plucked it from earth, and planted it in heaven.

Clauses or Sentences Connected.

Eagles generally go alone, but little birds go in flocks. Italian music's sweet because 'tis dear. If it rain to-morrow, we shall have to remain at home. Whether my brother come or not, I will either buy or rent the farm. Though he is poor, yet he is honest. He was always courteous to wise and gifted men ; for he knew that talents, though in poverty, are more glorious than birth or riches [are].

Interjections.

Formula.-An interjection, and why; of what kind; Rule. "Alas! no hope for me remains."

Alas is an interjection of grief; and it is used independently. O, young Lochinvar is come out of the West. shall part where many meet! dead? Dead! Oh! oh! oh!

Ꭺ

O Desdemona'! Desdemona ! (Supply art thou and thou art.)