term, subject to the approval of the Board of Superintendents, they shall designate in each school an assistant to principal or a teacher to take charge of the school in the absence of the principal or acting principal, and shall designate as many alternate teachers as may be necessary to provide that in the principal's absence the school shall never be without a head responsible for the conduct of the appropriate exercises and for the safety of the pupils and teachers. Such assistants to principal or teachers, so designated, shall by such designation have no change in title, position or salary. They shall immediately transmit to the City Superintendent the names of the teachers and alternate teachers so assigned to said service in the respective schools, and shall notify him forthwith of changes that have been rendered necessary in the personnel of the staff of teachers so assigned. (This subdivision was adopted December 28, 1904.)

24. District Superintendents may, whenever necessary, designate sub-stations for substitutes in school buildings within their districts. (This subdivision was adopted January 22, 1908.)

25. A District Superintendent to whom the names of any boys may be reported by the principals of day elementary schools, as provided in subdivision 20 of Section 43 of these by-laws, shall ascertain if such boys have been admitted to evening schools; if they have not been so admitted, it shall be his duty to require an attendance officer to place such boys in evening schools. (This subdivision was adopted March 24, 1909.)

DIRECTORS AND TEACHERS OF SPECIAL BRANCHES

SEC. 42. 1. Upon the nomination of the Board of Superintendents, the Board of Education shall appoint such Directors of Special Branches as it deems necessary, for the term of six years, and upon the like nomination such Assistant Directors of Special Branches as it deems necessary; such Directors and Assistant Directors shall be subject to the supervision and direction of the City Superintendent. No person shall be eligible for election as Director of a Special Branch, such as music, drawing, kindergarten, etc.,

who is not (a) a graduate of a college or university recognized by the University of the State of New York; and (b) a graduate from a course of professional training of at least two years in the special branch that he is to supervise or teach; and (c) a teacher of that special branch with at least three years of successful experience. (As amended January 14, 1904, to be in effect from December 23, 1903.)

2. Resignations of Directors of Special Branches shall be made to the City Superintendent, and shall be reported immediately to the Board of Education.

3. Directors of Special Branches shall act as advisers to the Board of Superintendents, to the District Superintendents and to the principals, with regard to all matters relating to the special branches they supervise. Under the direction of the City Superintendent, and subject to his assignment, Directors and Assistant Directors of Special Branches shall examine the work in their several branches, report upon the same, and instruct special teachers and class teachers in the teaching of their several branches. (As amended December 23, 1903.)

4. They shall report to the City Superintendent at such times as he may require.

5. Subject to the approval of the City Superintendent, assignments of teachers of special branches to their duties in the schools of the several Local School Board Districts shall be made by the District Superintendents, after consultation with the Directors of said special branches.

6. Subject to the general supervision of the District Superintendents, and to the immediate supervision of their respective Directors, the teachers of special branches shall visit the classes in the schools to which they are assigned, shall inspect their work, give model lessons, and, in co-operation with the principals, shall direct the methods of instruction employed therein.

7. It shall be the duty of all Directors and Assistant Directors of Special Branches to report to the City Superintendent twice in each year upon the general efficiency of each of the special teachers

under their supervision, or oftener if required. (As amended December 23, 1903.)

INSPECTORS OF PUBLIC SCHOOL ATHLETICS, UNGRADED

CLASSES, ETC.

*SEC. 42a. 1. Upon the nomination of the Board of Superintendents, the Board of Education shall appoint such inspectors and assistant inspectors of public school athletics and such inspectors of ungraded classes as it deems necessary; such inspectors and assistant inspectors shall be subject to the supervision and direction of the City Superintendent. (This subdivision was adopted January 8, 1908).

2. Subject to the approval of the City Superintendent, the Director of Physical Training shall assign inspectors and assistant inspectors of public school athletics to the work of aiding the schools in the organization and conduct of after-school athletics, games, folk-dances, etc., and they shall perform such work in the manner he shall direct. (This subdivision was adopted January 8, 1908.)

3. The inspector of ungraded classes shall act as adviser to the Board of Superintendents, to the District Superintendents, and to the principals, with regard to all matters relating to the work with mentally defective children. Under the direction of the City Superintendent, and subject to his assignment, the inspector of ungraded classes shall examine the work with defective children, report upon the same, and instruct teachers in the conduct of ungraded classes.

4. The inspector of ungraded classes shall report to the City Superintendent at such times as he may require.

5. The inspector of ungraded classes shall report to the Board of Superintendents on all applications of principals for permission to organize ungraded classes, and upon the fitness of teachers proposed for assignment to such classes.

*Subdivisions 3 to 8, inclusive, of this section were adopted by the Board of Education on November 28, 1906, as subdivisions 8 to 13, inclusive, of Section 42.

SEC. 43

BOARD OF EDUCATION

6. The principal of each school shall report to the in of ungraded classes the name of every child reported as tally defective by a teacher, by the Director of Physical Tr or by a physician of the Department of Health. The in of ungraded classes, assisted by a member of the physical t staff, who shall be a physician, shall examine each and ever proposed for admission to or removal from an ungraded The inspector of ungraded classes shall make such exami of the child's mental power as will indicate the kind of schoo best suited to his needs. The said member of the physical tr staff shall make such physical and mental examination of the presented as will show the child's condition with regard to s disease or defect; he shall examine each child in an ungraded as often as may be required by the City Superintendent, and immediately report to him the results of such examinations.

7. No child shall be admitted to or removed from an ung class without the approval in writing of the inspector of ung classes or the permission of the Board of Superintendents.

8. Upon the recommendation of the inspector of ung classes, a teacher assigned to an ungraded class may be gi leave of absence with full pay for not more than three m within the school year by the Board of Education, on the r mendation of the Board of Superintendents, for purposes of in a school for the training of teachers of defective children teacher to whom such leave has been granted shall report t inspector of ungraded classes as the latter shall require.

PRINCIPALS

SEC. 43. 1. Principals of schools are the responsible adm trative heads of their respective schools, and shall, when neces instruct heads of departments and teachers in all matters per ing to discipline and teaching. They shall take all proper m ures to carry out in their several schools all requirements of Board of Education expressed in its by-laws, rules, regulations

resolutions, and all instructions issued in pursuance thereof by the City Superintendent of Schools or by the Board of Superintendents. 2. Principals shall establish a high standard of teaching in their respective schools by so planning teachers' work that the education of pupils through the various subjects of the courses of study shall be continuous from the lowest grade to the highest, and that pupils may be led to reinforce the study of each subject by the study of the other subjects; by frequent inspections and examinations of classwork, and by giving model lessons in the presence of teachers; and by subsequent conferences with the teachers affected on the results of such inspections, examinations and model lessons, for the purpose of correcting errors and increasing efficiency.

3. Principals shall give special attention to the instruction, when necessary, of newly appointed teachers, of substitute teachers, and of teachers whose work is reported as defective by the District Superintendent. They shall keep such records of assistance rendered to unsuccessful and inexperienced teachers as will show, in case of inquiry, what opportunity and assistance such teachers have had to enable them to succeed. At the close of each school term every principal shall furnish the teachers under his control with a statement showing his or her respective ratings of their efficiency as reported to the City Superintendent.

4. Principals shall report to the City Superintendent or to the District Superintendent within their district at such times, upon such matters, and in such form as the City Superintendent or such District Superintendent may require.

5. Principals shall prepare requisitions for text-books, apparatus and other scholastic supplies required in their respective schools, and forward such requisitions to the District Superintendent, under rules prescribed by the Board of Superintendents.

6. Principals shall keep a record of all class inspections and examinations, of conferences with teachers, and of such other matters affecting their respective schools as they may deem necessary. Principals shall require heads of departments to keep similar records of their work.