EDINBURGH M A G A Z I NE, JANUARY-DECEMBER, 1851. EDINBURGH: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL AND CO., LONDON; AND JOHN ROBERTSON, DUBLIN. MDCCOLI. INDEX. . . . . PAGE. Adventure at a Buffalo-hunt 623 Isbel's Ground . Alterations in the Poor-law 325 Jack Raven's First Murder . Ariadne, The, or the Bagman Afloat 590 Last from Delphi, The Biographical Book-making 164 Last Stage-coachman, The . Bishops and their Incomes, The 505 Law Reforms of the Session Brooke, Sir James, and the Pirates of the Eastern Legends of Ulster. By Frances Brown :Archipelago 607 The Burning of Belfast Castle Badgets and Bunglers 180 The May-eve's Yarra . Bureaucracy and Military Systems in France and Literature of the Day, 60, 120, 183, 253, 322, 381, Germany 1 514,578, 643, 707, Carlisle, Lord, on Pope. By T. de Quincey, Esq. 229, 311 Little Difficulty in French Literature, A . Carlisle, Lord, Pope and Mr. de Quincey 482 Louis Kossuth Cathedral Trusts and their Fulfilment 389 March Gales and the Government Caves of Æolus, a Visit to the 445 Messenger, The . 653, Chamisso and the Shadowless Man 356 Money! All the Gold and Silver in the World Church and College in Scotland 453 Monks and Martyrs Church and School in Scotland . 638 Monsieur Hyacinthe of Geneva Coal-mine Explosions 370 Mourning and Half-mourning Coal-mines, How to put in Air and put out Fire in 660 Music, Drama, and the Fine Arts 55, Coal-pit, A Peep at a, and the People in it 535 Oliver Cromwell, Speech of, on Opening Parliament County-courts and Bar Etiquette 713 Parliamentary Session of 1851 Craigallan Castle 11, 71, 134, 197, 277, 330, 398, 457, 525 Pearl Divers, The Curiosities of Cowels Interpreter 216 Philosophy of Murder, The . Decline of Pauperism 193 Pigs and Pig-worship, An Essay on Discourse on Sunday, A 435 Places I have Seen. By Peregrine:Dissolving Views of Life 560 Darrynane, Valentia, Cahirciveen Early Rising, An Essay on 494 Hever Castle. Edward Rushton 321 Playbill Reminiscences Ellendeen, The Pools of 432 Pope. By Thomas de Quincey, Esq. Popinjay Vindicated, The Fate and the Alphabet 170 Fine Arts - British Institute, The 177 POETRY:The Pre-Raphaelites 512 Anacreon. Ode xx. 377 Anniversary of the German Revolution Arthur's Seat. An Apology. Barbarossa Ghost-seer of Tresillion . 677 Clyde, The Great Eshibition 261 Dean of Badajoz, The Hat of the Future, The . 109 Death and the Doctor Heine, his Works and Times 618, 679 Departure of Summer, The Hint to the Damb, A 551 Doctors' Commons Homeopathy, On 732 Ermengarde Impressions de Voyage . 373 Gethsemane; or, the Death of Julia Industrial Investment in Lands and Houses 575 Latona . . PAGE. . . POETRY:-(Continued) PAGE. REVIEWS :-(Continued) 570 270 626 238 308 286 92 368 744 65 Sie Sollen Ich Nicht Haben 486 245 Siege of Smithfield, The 668 Sketches of Irish Society 600 674 Tales from the Old Dramatists. No. II.-The 24 39 559 Tenant-right and Farming Leases 129 699 113 561 353 489 43 316 467 Working-man's Way in the World, 146, 224, 293, 345, 495 413, 473, 542, 629, 684, 750 267 TAIT'S EDINBURGH MAGAZINE. JANUARY, 1851. BUREAUCRACY AND MILITARY SYSTEMS OF FRANCE AND GERMANY. Ix our two previous notices of this work, we con- government, and have more or less political liberty fined our attention to the sub-division of landed but they have no more civil liberty, and no more property, and its operation on the economical, sense or feeling of it, than when they had no con social, and political condition of the European stitutions at all. They live, act, and have their nations among which it prevails. We now pro- being under a system of interference in every ceed to investigate the second of those peculiar man's movements and doings, precisely as in features which distinguish the social structure of Austria, Prussia, and States without any constitucontinental countries from that of Great Britain, tions or political liberty. ... The reality of civi and which we have called bureaucracy: Mr. liberty in the free use of time, industry, and Laing calls it functionarism, which is, perhaps, a capital, and in the free action of the individual , is better name. This is a difference which, even unknown to the continental man. It is amusing more than that connected with the partition of the to hear a German or a Frenchman discussing consoil, pervades the daily and domestic life of the stitutional forms of government, universal suffrage nation, and modifies its whole aspect as presented the qualifications of representatives, the equa to the eye of the passing stranger. In England rights of citizens; and, when he has settled all the civil servants of the Government are few, un- these points to his satisfaction, in a theory which connected, and unobtrusive; on the Continent they proves very clearly that we enjoy no real liberty are innumerable, omnipresent, and constitute a in England, and do not understand its first prinseparate, organised, and powerful class. In Eng- ciples, to ask him to take a jaunt with you to 'Tours land they confine themselves to absolutely neces- or Marseilles, Cologne or Leipsic. "Oh,' says he sary functions ; on the Continent they interfere in 'I must run to the bureau for our passports. every transaction and event of life. In England, must get them signed by the proper authorities a3 a general rule, a man is only reminded of their countersigned by other proper authorities, viséec existence by the annual visit of the tax-gatherer, by the proper authorities in every town we stop a unless, indeed, he has to appeal to the law, or has on our journey, in order to prevent trouble wit rendered himself amenable to it; on the Continent the police; and I must get this done before the scarcely a day passes, scarcely an operation can be bureaux are shut for the day, or we shall have t concluded, without coming into contact or collision wait till tomorrow.' To be free and independen with one or other of their number. Many of the in the sense that the common man in England i duties performed by officials on the Continent are free and independent, seems not to be a want i here performed by elected parish or municipal the mind of the continental man, even of fortun functionaries, many are left to individual discre- and education. The English traveller in Franc tion, many more are not performed at all . With or Germany, who has gone himself to the Hotel d us a man's free-will is limited only by his neigh- Ville or the passport-office, to have his passpor bour's free-will or his neighbour's rights ; in viséed and signed, instead of leaving it to his vale France and Austria it can be exercised only sub- de place, and who has seen the crowd of trades ject to Government permission previously obtained. men, country dealers, travelling artisans, and pea Restriction is the exception here, it is the rule sants from the neighbouring villages, who have there. Throughout the Continent a citizen cannot been at the fair, standing for hours to have thei engage in business, build a house , or take a journey, papers examined and signed, will return with without leave; and leave is only obtained through pretty distinct idea of the difference between poli an established routine of tedious and annoying tical and civil freedom, between the mind, spirit formalities. “ In France, Switzerland, Belgium, character, and social state of the English, and of the and the constitutional States of Germany," says Mr. continental people." Laing, “people call themselves free, because they In order to make the operation of this system of enjoy more or less of the forms of representative | bureaucratic supervision and interference intelli • Observations on the Social and Political State of the European People in 1843 and 1849; being the second series of The Notes of a Traveller.” By Samuel Laing. London: Longmans. 1850. voL. YIII.-No. ccv. B |
